Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: Strengthening monocarboxylate transporters by adiponectin receptor agonist ameliorates diabetic peripheral neuropathy

doi: 10.1186/s12964-025-02326-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in the expressions of adiponectin receptors and associated downstream signaling pathways in the sciatic nerve of diabetic db/db and non-diabetic db/m mice with or without AdipoRon treatment. ( A ) Representative western blot images of AdipoR1, AdipoR2, CaMKKα and β, pLKB1/total LKB1, pAMPK/total AMPK, p-mTOR/total mTOR, PPARα, PGC-1α, p-Nrf2/total Nrf2, MCT1, MCT2, MCT4, GAPDH, and Bax/Bcl-2 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratios in the sciatic nerve are shown with quantitative analyses ( n = 3). ( B ) Representative images of triple IF staining for MCT1, MCT2, and MCT4 (green), NF (white, axonal marker), and MBP (red, myelin marker) in the sciatic nerve of db/db and db/m mice with or without AdipoRon are shown with corresponding quantitative analyses ( n = 6). ( C ) Expression levels of LDHA and LDHB in the sciatic nerve after AdipoRon treatment, evaluated by western blot ( n = 3) and IF analysis and their enlarged images from the rectangular areas, respectively, are shown with quantitative analyses ( n = 6). ( D ) Quantitative measurements of lactate, AMP, and ATP levels, including the ATP/AMP ratio, in the sciatic nerve of db/db mice with or without AdipoRon treatment ( n = 4). (E) Representative electron microscopy images of the sciatic nerve (x 5,000, scale bars: 2 μm) in db/db and db/m mice with or without AdipoRon treatment and their enlarged images from the rectangular areas, respectively. Quantitative analyses of mitochondrial number in myelinated axons ( n = 10) and Schwann cells ( n = 6). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and # P < 0.001 compared with other groups. Scale bars in (B) represent 2 μm, and in ( C ), 10 μm

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies targeted AdipoR1, AdipoR2, CaMMKα (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), CaMKKβ (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), total LKB1, phospho-Ser428 LKB1 (pLKB1), total AMPK, phospho-Thr172 AMPK (pAMPK), total mTOR, phospho-Ser2448 mTOR (p-mTOR; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), PPARα (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), total Nrf2 and phospho-Ser40 Nrf2 (GeneTex, Irvine, CA), PGC-1α (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA), LC-3 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), LDHA and LDHB (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), MCT1, MCT2, MCT4 (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), and GAPDH (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) across all samples.

Techniques: Protein-Protein interactions, Western Blot, Staining, Marker, Expressing, Electron Microscopy

Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: Strengthening monocarboxylate transporters by adiponectin receptor agonist ameliorates diabetic peripheral neuropathy

doi: 10.1186/s12964-025-02326-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: AdipoRon modulates AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 expression in human Schwann cells (HSCs). Human Schwann cells (HSCs) were transfected with adipoR1 or adipoR2 siRNA and cultured in high glucose and palmitate medium, with or without AdipoRon treatment. ( A ) Representative western blot images showing the expression of AdipoR1, AdipoR2, CaMKKα and β, pLKB1/total LKB1, pAMPK/total AMPK, p-mTOR/total mTOR, PGC-1α, PPARα, MCT1, MCT2, MCT4, GAPDH, cytoplasmic Nrf2, nuclear Nrf2, and lamin B. Quantitative analyses of protein expression levels are shown ( n = 3). ( B ) Representative images of double IF staining for MCT1, MCT2, and MCT4 (green) with MBP (red, myelin marker) are shown with corresponding quantitative analyses ( n = 6). ( C ) Representative western blot ( n = 3) and IF images ( n = 6) for LDHA and LDHB expression are shown with quantitative analyses. ( D ) Quantitative measurements of intracellular lactate, AMP, and ATP levels, including the ATP/AMP ratio, are shown ( n = 5). ( E ) Representative double immunofluorescence staining images of MCT4 (green) and MitoSOX (red) in HSCs under different conditions ( n = 6). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and # P < 0.001, compared with other groups. Scale bars in (B, C and E) represent 20 μm

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies targeted AdipoR1, AdipoR2, CaMMKα (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), CaMKKβ (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), total LKB1, phospho-Ser428 LKB1 (pLKB1), total AMPK, phospho-Thr172 AMPK (pAMPK), total mTOR, phospho-Ser2448 mTOR (p-mTOR; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), PPARα (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), total Nrf2 and phospho-Ser40 Nrf2 (GeneTex, Irvine, CA), PGC-1α (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA), LC-3 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), LDHA and LDHB (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), MCT1, MCT2, MCT4 (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), and GAPDH (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) across all samples.

Techniques: Expressing, Transfection, Cell Culture, Western Blot, Staining, Marker, Double Immunofluorescence Staining

Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: Strengthening monocarboxylate transporters by adiponectin receptor agonist ameliorates diabetic peripheral neuropathy

doi: 10.1186/s12964-025-02326-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of AdipoRon on signaling pathways in ND7/23 cells (murine DRG neuronal cell). ND7/23 cells were transfected with adipoR1 or adipoR2 siRNA and cultured in low- or high-glucose (HG) and palmitate (PA) medium, with or without AdipoRon treatment. ( A ) Representative western blot images showing the expression of AdipoR1, AdipoR2, CaMKKα and β, pLKB1/total LKB1, pAMPK/total AMPK, p-mTOR/total mTOR, PGC-1α, PPARα, Bax/Bcl-2, LC3II/LC3I ratios, MCT1, MCT2, MCT4, GAPDH, cytoplasmic Nrf2, nuclear Nrf2, and lamin ( B ). Quantitative analyses of protein expression levels in each group are shown ( n = 3). (B) Representative images of double IF staining for MCT1, MCT2, and MCT4 (green) with NF (white, axonal marker) are shown with corresponding quantitative analyses ( n = 6). ( C ) Representative western blot ( n = 3) and double IF images ( n = 6) for LDHA (red) and LDHB (green) expression, with quantitative analyses. ( D ) Quantitative measurements of intracellular lactate, AMP, and ATP levels, and ATP/AMP ratio ( n = 5). ( E ) Representative sections stained with Fluo-4AM (green, intracellular Ca ++ ), DHE (red, cellular oxidative stress), MitoSox (red, mitochondrial oxidative stress), TUNEL (green, apoptosis), and LC3 (green, autophagy). Quantitative analyses of positive areas and density are shown for each group. Data are presented as the mean ± SD ( n = 6). ( F ) Representative double IF staining images of MCT1, MCT2, MCT4 (green) and MitoSOX (red) in ND7/23 cells under different conditions ( n = 6). (G) Quantitative measurements of intracellular lactate, ATP and AMP concentrations and ATP/AMP ratios in SCs and ND7/23 cells in low glucose (LG), high glucose and palmitate (HG + PA), and high glucose and palmitate treated with adiopoRon (HG + PA + adipoR), respectively ( n = 5). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and # P < 0.001, compared with other groups. Scale bars in (B, C, E and F) represent 5 μm

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies targeted AdipoR1, AdipoR2, CaMMKα (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), CaMKKβ (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), total LKB1, phospho-Ser428 LKB1 (pLKB1), total AMPK, phospho-Thr172 AMPK (pAMPK), total mTOR, phospho-Ser2448 mTOR (p-mTOR; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), PPARα (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), total Nrf2 and phospho-Ser40 Nrf2 (GeneTex, Irvine, CA), PGC-1α (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA), LC-3 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), LDHA and LDHB (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), MCT1, MCT2, MCT4 (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), and GAPDH (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) across all samples.

Techniques: Protein-Protein interactions, Transfection, Cell Culture, Western Blot, Expressing, Staining, Marker, TUNEL Assay

Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: Strengthening monocarboxylate transporters by adiponectin receptor agonist ameliorates diabetic peripheral neuropathy

doi: 10.1186/s12964-025-02326-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanisms of AdipoRon in ameliorating diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). AdipoRon enhances CaMKKβ/LKB1/AMPK/PPARα/PGC-1α/Nrf2 signaling and suppresses mTOR via increased AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 expression, promoting neuronal and Schwann cell survival, reducing apoptosis, and enhancing autophagy under diabetic conditions. Increased MCT1, MCT2, and MCT4 expression facilitates energy substrate supply (lactate and ATP) and metabolic communication between neurons and Schwann cells

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies targeted AdipoR1, AdipoR2, CaMMKα (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), CaMKKβ (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), total LKB1, phospho-Ser428 LKB1 (pLKB1), total AMPK, phospho-Thr172 AMPK (pAMPK), total mTOR, phospho-Ser2448 mTOR (p-mTOR; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), PPARα (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), total Nrf2 and phospho-Ser40 Nrf2 (GeneTex, Irvine, CA), PGC-1α (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA), LC-3 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), LDHA and LDHB (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), MCT1, MCT2, MCT4 (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), and GAPDH (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) across all samples.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Neurology

Article Title: Unlocking amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: the role of adiponectin in inflammation and disease progression

doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1605822

Figure Lengend Snippet: The levels of AdipoR1, AdipoR2, IL1β, and IL-10 in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages isolated from the blood of patients with ALS. (A–C) Results of flow cytometry for the expression levels of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 on monocytes obtained from controls and ALS patients. Data represent the mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed with an unpaired t -test, * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01. (D) Immunocytochemistry labeling for the expression of AdipoR1, AdipoR2, IL-1β, and IL-10 on macrophages from controls and patients with ALS (Scale bar= 20 μm). Data represent the mean ± SEM, n = 10 per group. Statistical analysis was performed with an unpaired t -test, * P < 0.05. ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; AdipoR1, Adiponectin receptor 1; AdipoR2, Adiponectin receptor 2.

Article Snippet: The primary and secondary antibody used in this study were as follows: MHC-II (1:200, Abcam, Waltham, MA, USA; ab23990), CD206 (1:100, R&D Systems, Minnesota, USA; AF2535), IL-1β (1:200, proteintech, Wuhan, China; 16806-1-AP), IL-10 (1:200, Invitrogen, California, USA; 16-7108-81), AdipoR1 (1:400, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; sc-518030), AdipoR2 (1:400, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; sc-514045), donkey anti-mouse IgG H&L 647 (1:1000, Abcam, Waltham, MA, USA; ab150111), donkey anti-rabbit IgG H&L 594 (1:1000, Invitrogen, Shanghai, China; A21207), donkey anti-rat IgG H&L 488 (1:1000, Invitrogen, Shanghai, China; A21208), donkey anti-goat IgG H&L 647 (1:1000, Invitrogen, Shanghai, China; A21447).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Isolation, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Immunocytochemistry, Labeling